Virginia Boating Laws

Who May Operate a Boat in Virginia?

Virginia requires all operators of motorboats with engines of 10 horsepower or greater, as well as all personal watercraft (PWC) operators, to complete a boating safety education course approved by the Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). Proof of course completion must be carried on board while operating.

Age Restrictions for Operating a Boat

• Motorboats (excluding PWCs): No minimum age to operate, but operators must meet boating safety education requirements.
• Personal Watercraft (PWC): Operators must be at least 14 years old and have completed an approved boating safety course. Those under 14 are prohibited from operating a PWC.

Virginia Boater Education Requirements

Anyone operating a motorboat of 10 horsepower or more—or any PWC—must complete a Virginia-approved boater safety course. Proof of completion must be carried while operating the vessel.

Vessel Registration & Titling

All motorboats and PWCs must be registered and titled with the Virginia DWR. Registration numbers and decals must appear on both sides of the bow, in block letters at least three inches high.

Required Safety Equipment

• Life Jackets (PFDs): One U.S. Coast Guard-approved wearable PFD is required for each person on board. Children under 13 must wear a PFD while underway, unless inside a cabin or below deck.
• Throwable Device: Vessels 16 feet or longer must carry a Type IV throwable device.
• Fire Extinguishers: Required for vessels with enclosed fuel or engine compartments.
• Visual Distress Signals: Required on coastal waters during the day and night.
• Sound-Producing Devices: Whistle, horn, or bell required on all boats for signaling.

Safe Operating Regulations

• Operate at a safe speed and maintain a proper lookout to avoid collisions.
• No-wake speed within 50 feet of docks, piers, ramps, and people in the water.
• Avoid reckless actions such as weaving through congested areas or jumping wakes too closely to other vessels.

Personal Watercraft (PWC) Specific Regulations

• Must be at least 14 years old and have completed an approved boater education course.
• All operators and passengers must wear a U.S. Coast Guard-approved life jacket.
• An engine cutoff switch (lanyard) must be worn and operational while underway.
• PWC operation is prohibited between sunset and sunrise.

Environmental Regulations

• Do not discharge oil, fuel, sewage, or trash into Virginia waters.
• Clean boats and trailers to prevent the spread of invasive aquatic species.
• Comply with designated no-discharge zones and proper waste disposal laws.

Enforcement and Penalties

Virginia Conservation Police enforce state boating laws. Penalties for violations may include fines, suspension of boating privileges, and even jail time. Boating under the influence (BUI) is a Class 1 misdemeanor, punishable by up to a $2,500 fine and/or 12 months in jail.

Conclusion

Following Virginia’s boating laws ensures safety for everyone on the water. To complete your boating education and get certified, visit our Virginia Boater Education Course page.